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VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF WOVEN FABRIC:
The woven fabrics have the following important properties:
1 1 - Appearance of the fabric
2 2 - Lustre of the fabric
3 - Handle of the fabric.
4 - Dimensional stability of the Fabric
5 - Fabric elongation
6 -Elastic recovery
7 - Tensile strength
8 - Tearing strength
9 - Bursting strength
10 - Crease resistance
11 - Air permeability
12 - Abrasion resistance
13- Fabric pilling
14 - Drape coefficient
15 - Moisture absorbency
16 - Water repellency
17 - Thermal conductivity
18- Light permeability
19- Breathability
20- Washability.
21- Coefficient of friction
22- Sewed seam strength
23- Sewed seam slippage
24- Flammability
1- Fabric appearance:
The appearance of the fabric is the property of a fabric that directly strikes the consumer's mind in the first look and influences the consumer's mind. The appearance of the fabric leaves a great impression on the consumer's mind. A consumer can like or reject a fabric at first look without considering its other properties. The fabric should always have an impressive appearance. It is the property related to the surface of the fabric.
Generally, the visual properties of the fabric are termed as the fabric appearance. How the fabric surface is looking. The fabric appearance is judged with naked eyes.
The fabric appearance is directly associated with the fabric construction, weave, degree of twist, the material used, reflectance properties of the material. The consumer also likes or reject the fabric on the basis of appearance according to the use of the fabric too.
The appearance of the fabric is the property of a fabric that directly strikes the consumer's mind in the first look and influences the consumer's mind. The appearance of the fabric leaves a great impression on the consumer's mind. A consumer can like or reject a fabric at first look without considering its other properties. The fabric should always have an impressive appearance. It is the property related to the surface of the fabric.
Generally, the visual properties of the fabric are termed as the fabric appearance. How the fabric surface is looking. The fabric appearance is judged with naked eyes.
The fabric appearance is directly associated with the fabric construction, weave, degree of twist, the material used, reflectance properties of the material. The consumer also likes or reject the fabric on the basis of appearance according to the use of the fabric too.
2- Lustre of the fabric:
When a consumer looks at the surface of two different fabrics with naked eyes, he observes that one fabric is giving more shining (brightness) than another fabric. It happens due to the difference in the amount of light being reflected from both of the fabrics. The amount of light to be reflected from the fabric surface affects the shining of the fabric surface directly. Thus we can say that “the amount of light reflected by fabric surface judged with naked eyes is termed as fabric lustre”. It is also called the sheen of the fabric. The material of the fabric widely influences the lustre of the fabric. Secondly, the weave of the fabric plays a very crucial role in the lustre of a fabric. The structure, type of yarn and degree of yarn twist also influence the lustre of a fabric. Satin weave gives more lustre than plain weave. The fabric made of high twist yarn reflects more light than low twist yarn. If a fabric is woven with coarse count yarn and another fabric is woven with fine count yarn. The weight per square meter of both the fabrics is kept constant. The thread per square inch in fine count fabric will be more than coarse count fabric. This fine count fabric will reflect more amount of light than coarse count fabric. Thus we can say yarn count GSM and construction of the fabric greatly affect the lustre of a fabric.
When a consumer looks at the surface of two different fabrics with naked eyes, he observes that one fabric is giving more shining (brightness) than another fabric. It happens due to the difference in the amount of light being reflected from both of the fabrics. The amount of light to be reflected from the fabric surface affects the shining of the fabric surface directly. Thus we can say that “the amount of light reflected by fabric surface judged with naked eyes is termed as fabric lustre”. It is also called the sheen of the fabric. The material of the fabric widely influences the lustre of the fabric. Secondly, the weave of the fabric plays a very crucial role in the lustre of a fabric. The structure, type of yarn and degree of yarn twist also influence the lustre of a fabric. Satin weave gives more lustre than plain weave. The fabric made of high twist yarn reflects more light than low twist yarn. If a fabric is woven with coarse count yarn and another fabric is woven with fine count yarn. The weight per square meter of both the fabrics is kept constant. The thread per square inch in fine count fabric will be more than coarse count fabric. This fine count fabric will reflect more amount of light than coarse count fabric. Thus we can say yarn count GSM and construction of the fabric greatly affect the lustre of a fabric.
3- Handle of the fabric:
“Fabric handle tells us about the degree of softness, stiffness, hardness, smoothness or roughness of the fabric”. It is judged by touching the fabric by hand simply. Following factors directly influence the handle of the fabric:
“Fabric handle tells us about the degree of softness, stiffness, hardness, smoothness or roughness of the fabric”. It is judged by touching the fabric by hand simply. Following factors directly influence the handle of the fabric:
Type of material used:
the handle of the fabric is directly associated with the type of material used in the fabric. If the yarn has long-staple and low micronaire value fibres, the fabric shows a high degree of softness. If the fabric is woven with the short-staple, and high micronaire value fibres, it gives a hard feel to the user.
the handle of the fabric is directly associated with the type of material used in the fabric. If the yarn has long-staple and low micronaire value fibres, the fabric shows a high degree of softness. If the fabric is woven with the short-staple, and high micronaire value fibres, it gives a hard feel to the user.
Yarn twist:
the degree (amount) of yarn twist greatly affects the feel and touch of the fabric. If we weave two fabrics having identical count and construction and we use high twist yarn in one fabric and low twist yarn in another fabric. The fabric woven from low twist yarn will give a more soft feel and touch than the fabric woven from high twisted yarn.
the degree (amount) of yarn twist greatly affects the feel and touch of the fabric. If we weave two fabrics having identical count and construction and we use high twist yarn in one fabric and low twist yarn in another fabric. The fabric woven from low twist yarn will give a more soft feel and touch than the fabric woven from high twisted yarn.
Fabric construction:
the construction (ends per inch and picks per inch) of the fabric affects the touch and feel of the fabric. If a fabric has 30s x 30s, 72 x 68 construction and another equivalent to this fabric have construction 28s x 28s, 70 x 66. The GSM of both of the fabrics will be almost equal but the feel and touch of the second fabric will be better than the first fabric due to more air space present in the second fabric.
the construction (ends per inch and picks per inch) of the fabric affects the touch and feel of the fabric. If a fabric has 30s x 30s, 72 x 68 construction and another equivalent to this fabric have construction 28s x 28s, 70 x 66. The GSM of both of the fabrics will be almost equal but the feel and touch of the second fabric will be better than the first fabric due to more air space present in the second fabric.
Weight per square unit of the fabric:
the weight per square unit( grams per square meter or grams per square yard) also influences the touch and feel of the fabric. If a fabric has been woven with given fabric construction. If the weaver increases the GSM or GYM of the fabric slightly by increasing picks per inch, the feel of the fabric also becomes slightly harder than the previous fabric.
the weight per square unit( grams per square meter or grams per square yard) also influences the touch and feel of the fabric. If a fabric has been woven with given fabric construction. If the weaver increases the GSM or GYM of the fabric slightly by increasing picks per inch, the feel of the fabric also becomes slightly harder than the previous fabric.
A weave of the fabric:
The weave of the fabric directly affects the touch and feel of the fabric. A user can make a comparison between two fabrics of the same count and construction and there is the difference of weave only. The satin weave has a better feel and touch than plain weave. How does it happen? It can be explained on the basis of float length of warp and weft. Plain weave has the minimum float length and the satin weave has more float length than plain weave. Due to the big float length, the satin weave gives a softer feel than the plain weave.
The weave of the fabric directly affects the touch and feel of the fabric. A user can make a comparison between two fabrics of the same count and construction and there is the difference of weave only. The satin weave has a better feel and touch than plain weave. How does it happen? It can be explained on the basis of float length of warp and weft. Plain weave has the minimum float length and the satin weave has more float length than plain weave. Due to the big float length, the satin weave gives a softer feel than the plain weave.
4- Dimensional stability:
The dimensional stability of a fabric is the ability to retain the original dimensions or shape of the fabric while being used for its required purposes (dyeing, finishing, washing or any other processes). The length and width of the fabric change after any finishing process. Thus we can say that the changes in dimensions (length and width) of the fabric after finishing expressed in the term of percentage is called dimensional stability of the fabric. It is determined in warp direction (length) and weft direction (width) separately. It is greatly influenced by the following factors:
Yarn count and construction:
construction of the fabric has a great influence on the dimensional stability of the fabric. The effect of the construction can be understood by the following example:
construction of the fabric has a great influence on the dimensional stability of the fabric. The effect of the construction can be understood by the following example:
Suppose there are two fabrics A and B. Both the fabrics have the same GSM, warp count, weft count, material used in the yarn and number of threads per square inch. Fabric A has more ends per inch than B, and fabric A has fewer picks per inch than B. the shrinkage in fabric A in the weft direction ( width wise) will be less than the fabric B. the shrinkage in fabric A in warp direction (lengthwise) will be more than the fabric B.
Type of material:
the type of material used in the fabric affects the dimensional stability of the fabric up to some extent. If the yarn has been spun with fine and long-staple fibres, it will give better dimensional stability. Polyester fibre shows better dimensional stability than cotton fibre.
the type of material used in the fabric affects the dimensional stability of the fabric up to some extent. If the yarn has been spun with fine and long-staple fibres, it will give better dimensional stability. Polyester fibre shows better dimensional stability than cotton fibre.
Yarn twist:
the degree of yarn twists great impact on the dimensional stability of the fabric. If the count and construction of two fabrics are identical, there will be a more dimensional change in the fabric having high twist yarn than the fabric having low twist yarn. The high twist yarn always tends to shrink when it comes under relaxing form. This tendency of yarn helps to shrink the fabric.
the degree of yarn twists great impact on the dimensional stability of the fabric. If the count and construction of two fabrics are identical, there will be a more dimensional change in the fabric having high twist yarn than the fabric having low twist yarn. The high twist yarn always tends to shrink when it comes under relaxing form. This tendency of yarn helps to shrink the fabric.
Weave:
the weave of the fabric also plays a very important role in the dimensional stability of the fabric. The weave having a long float length gives more shrinkage percentage than short length float weave. Weave like waffles and satin shrink more after washing.
the weave of the fabric also plays a very important role in the dimensional stability of the fabric. The weave having a long float length gives more shrinkage percentage than short length float weave. Weave like waffles and satin shrink more after washing.
Grams per square meter:
weight per square meter of fabric directly influences the shrinkage percentage after washing. The fabrics having a low weight per meter always shrink more than high weight fabric. It happens due to more open space (air space) present in low weight fabric. The ends and picks come much closer to each other after washing. It is possible only when the fabric has open space in it.
weight per square meter of fabric directly influences the shrinkage percentage after washing. The fabrics having a low weight per meter always shrink more than high weight fabric. It happens due to more open space (air space) present in low weight fabric. The ends and picks come much closer to each other after washing. It is possible only when the fabric has open space in it.
5 - Elongation:
the change in length or width of the fabric at breaking force expressed as the term of percentage is called elongation. The factors affecting the fabric elongation are given below:
the change in length or width of the fabric at breaking force expressed as the term of percentage is called elongation. The factors affecting the fabric elongation are given below:
The material used in the fabric: the type of material used in the fabric influence the fabric greatly. The fabric woven from synthetic fibres has more elongation percentage than natural fibres. The fabric woven from coarse and short-staple fibre shows poor elongation than fine and long-staple fibre.
Weave: the weave of the fabric affects the fabric elongation up to some extent. The fabric having plain weave has more elongation than satin or twill weave. It happens just because of warp crimp or weft crimp present in the fabric. If the number of interlacing in the fabric is more, the elongation in the fabric will also be more.
Yarn twist: the amount of twist of yarn has influenced the fabric up to some extent. The fabrics woven from high twist yarn poses more elongation than low twist yarn. It happens due to yarn contraction during twisting. When the yarn comes under breaking load conditions, the yarn tends to extend due to this contraction. Since we know that the amount of twist helps to hold the fibres in the yarn, therefore the high twisted yarn has more tensile strength than the low twisted yarn. This excess amount of twist helps to prevent fibre slippage while the fabric is being elongated.
Count and construction: the fabric woven of fine yarn pose more elongation than coarse yarn. The number of threads per square inch also affect the elongation percentage. The high thread count fabric poses higher elongation than the low thread count fabric.
6 – Elastic recovery: elastic recovery of a fabric is the ability to return in its original size and shape when the fabric comes under breaking load conditions. The type of material, yarn count, fabric construction, weave and yarn twist influence the elastic recovery of a fabric. Synthetic fabrics have better elastic recovery than natural fabrics. The fabric made of continuous filament yarn has greater elastic recovery than spun yarn.
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Well written
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