ACRYLIC FIBRE PRODUCTION, FLOW CHART OF PRODUCTION OF ACRYLIC FIBRE, POLYACRILONITRILE.

PRODUCTION OF ACRYLIC FIBRES:

The acrylic fibre production gets completed in following steps:

Raw Material:

Acrilonitrile is used as a monomer to produce acrylic fibres. The polymer of acrylic can be produced by using various methods. The various methods of production of acrylic monomer are given below:

1st Method

In one commercial method, hydrogen cyanide is treated with acetylene:

Acetylene+Hydrogencyanide --> Acrilonitrile

In this method of production hydrogen cyanide reacts with acetylene gas and the acrylonitrile results after reaction. 

2nd Method:

In this method of production of acrilonitrile, the ethylene gas gets oxidized with atmospheric air and ethylene oxide results after reaction. Now this resulted  ethylene oxide reacts with hydrogen cyanide.  The ethylene cyanahydrin gets formed after the reaction. The ethylene cyanahydrin is heated at 300°C in the presence of catalyst. This acrylonitrile results after the reaction. This reaction follows below chemical equations:

After the production of the acrylonitrile , acrylic fibre  production completes in following steps

• Polymerization in solution

• Direct feeding of the dope to spinning

• Wet spinning

• Di methyl formamide as solvent for both polymerization and spinning

The production method of acrylic fibre follows below process chart:

Polymerisation: 

In a continuous polymerisation process, 95% acrylonitrile and 6% methyl acrylate (400 parts) 0.25% aqueous solution of K2S2O8 (600 parts), 0.50 % Na2S2O5 solution ( 600 Parts) and 2N H2SO4 (2.5 Parts) are fed into the reaction vessel at 52 °C under nitrogen atmosphere giving a slurry with 67% polymer. The slurry is continuously withdrawn, filtered and washed till it is free from salts and dried.

Dry spinning:

Dry  spinning method is used to produce the acrylic filaments. The polyacrylonitrile polymer is dissolved in a organic solvent (dimethyl formamide). It is heated and extruded into  heated spinnerets. As fibre comes out from spinneret, it comes in contact of hot air or steam. The solvent ( dimethyl formamide) is evaporated and it is sent to a recovery unit. Now these newly formed filaments are hot and dried. The filaments are hot stretched at 100 °C to 250 °C depending on the time of contact in the drying assembly to several times of their original length.

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